From Frenzel Goggles to Infrared Video Systems: The Evolution of Nystagmus Examination Technology
Introduction Observation of eye movements is a fundamental component of vestibular and neurological examination. Among these eye movements, nystagmus—a rhythmic involuntary oscillation of the eyes—serves as one of the most important clinical signs for identifying disorders of the vestibular system. Because vestibular dysfunction often produces characteristic patterns of nystagmus, clinicians [...]